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Bitumen

Bitumen is produced from selected crude oils through a process of fractional distillation. The crude oil is heated to temperatures of between 300 and 350 degrees Celsius and fed into a distillation column allowing the lightest fractions of the crude to separate, through vaporization, from the heavier fractions, which remain liquid.

The higher boiling point fractions are then drawn-off via a heat exchanger and enter a vacuum distillation column. This process produces a "short residue" that is used to manufacture several grades of bitumen. The pressure and temperature conditions within the vacuum process will determine the hardness of the short residue, and as such the grade of bitumen produced. The short residue may be further modified by 'air blowing' in which air is passed through the residue at temperatures of 250 - 300 degrees Celsius.

Bitumen Penetration Grades: Asphalt/Bitumen is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid that is present in most crude petroleum and in some natural deposits sometimes termed asphalt.	Cutback MC&RC: Cutback MC is a medium curing (MC) cut-back asphalt consisting of penetration grade asphalt cement and diluent or ‘cutter’ of medium volatility.	Oxidized (Blown) Bitumen: Oxidized Bitumen grades are blown or oxidized bitumen which are produced by passing air through soft bitumen under controlled temperature conditions.
Bitumen (Asphalt) Emulsion: Asphalt emulsion is a combination of three basic ingredients, asphalt, water, and small amount of an emulsifying agent.	Gilsonite: Natural hydrocarbon, high in Asphaltenes and also has nitrogen compounds, and fully compatible with bituminous pavement materials.	Fuel Oil: is a lighter type of oil, or a liquid byproduct of crude oil, which is used for energy,especially in regard to heating.